Bạn có thể dùng những câu lệnh tôi giới thiệu dưới đây để xem thông tin của các phần cứng trong máy bạn. Những kết quả dưới là của một laptop Acer Aspire 4740.
Liệt kệ các thiết bị PCI: sudo lspci
hungtran@nguyentieuhau:~$ sudo lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor DRAM Controller (rev 12)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 12)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset HECI Controller (rev 06)
00:1a.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 05)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset High Definition Audio (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 05)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev 05)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset USB2 Enhanced Host Controller (rev 05)
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 Mobile PCI Bridge (rev a5)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Mobile 5 Series Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset 4 port SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset SMBus Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.6 Signal processing controller: Intel Corporation 5 Series/3400 Series Chipset Thermal Subsystem (rev 05)
01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM57780 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe (rev 01)
02:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR928X Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01)
ff:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture Generic Non-core Registers (rev 02)
ff:00.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QuickPath Architecture System Address Decoder (rev 02)
ff:02.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Link 0 (rev 02)
ff:02.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor QPI Physical 0 (rev 02)
ff:02.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02)
ff:02.3 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Core Processor Reserved (rev 02)
Liệt kê các thiết bị USB: sudo lsusb
hungtran@nguyentieuhau:~$ sudo lsusb
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 064e:a103 Suyin Corp.
Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0458:0036 KYE Systems Corp. (Mouse Systems) Pocket Mouse LE
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 08ff:1600 AuthenTec, Inc. AES1600
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0020 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Hiển thị thông tin CPU: cat /proc/cpuinfo
hungtran@nguyentieuhau:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 37
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M 430 @ 2.27GHz
stepping : 2
cpu MHz : 1199.000
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm ida arat dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid
bogomips : 4522.38
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 37
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M 430 @ 2.27GHz
stepping : 2
cpu MHz : 1199.000
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 0
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 1
initial apicid : 1
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm ida arat dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid
bogomips : 4521.88
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:processor : 2
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 37
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M 430 @ 2.27GHz
stepping : 2
cpu MHz : 1199.000
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 2
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 4
initial apicid : 4
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm ida arat dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid
bogomips : 4521.90
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:processor : 3
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 37
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5 CPU M 430 @ 2.27GHz
stepping : 2
cpu MHz : 1199.000
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 2
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 5
initial apicid : 5
fdiv_bug : no
hlt_bug : no
f00f_bug : no
coma_bug : no
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 11
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf pni dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt lahf_lm ida arat dts tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid
bogomips : 4521.90
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
Hiển thị thông tin bộ nhớ: cat /proc/meminfo
hungtran@nguyentieuhau:~$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1792324 kB
MemFree: 325808 kB
Buffers: 126484 kB
Cached: 588176 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 760348 kB
Inactive: 508744 kB
Active(anon): 556292 kB
Inactive(anon): 45636 kB
Active(file): 204056 kB
Inactive(file): 463108 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
HighTotal: 916588 kB
HighFree: 1592 kB
LowTotal: 875736 kB
LowFree: 324216 kB
SwapTotal: 1951740 kB
SwapFree: 1951740 kB
Dirty: 932 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 554476 kB
Mapped: 105216 kB
Shmem: 47508 kB
Slab: 154768 kB
SReclaimable: 134944 kB
SUnreclaim: 19824 kB
KernelStack: 2480 kB
PageTables: 5796 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 2847900 kB
Committed_AS: 1803652 kB
VmallocTotal: 122880 kB
VmallocUsed: 38584 kB
VmallocChunk: 79068 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 4096 kB
DirectMap4k: 16376 kB
DirectMap4M: 892928 kB
Xem thông tin bộ nhớ (RAM và SWAP): free -m
hungtran@nguyentieuhau:~$ free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1750 1213 536 0 50 543
-/+ buffers/cache: 619 1130
Swap: 1905 0 1905
Xem thông tin các phân vùng ổ cứng: sudo fdisk -l
hungtran@nguyentieuhau:~$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for hungtran:Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xcde7b812Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 102400 7 HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 13 10444 83782656 7 HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3 10444 38914 228683777 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 10444 10687 1951744 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 10687 13118 19529728 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 13119 25867 102400000 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 25867 38914 104799232 83 Linux
Hiển thị thông tin về không gian đĩa sử dụng: sudo df -h
hungtran@nguyentieuhau:~$ sudo df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda6 19G 4.5G 13G 26% /
none 869M 704K 868M 1% /dev
none 876M 1.2M 875M 1% /dev/shm
none 876M 356K 875M 1% /var/run
none 876M 0 876M 0% /var/lock
/dev/sda2 80G 63G 18G 78% /media/windows
/dev/sda7 97G 90G 1.4G 99% /home
/dev/sda8 99G 72G 22G 77% /media/data

Chaò bạn ! Mình rất cám ơn vì bạn share kiến thức cho mọi người. Nhưng có 1 chỗ mình không hiểu là ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub nghĩa là USB 2.0 hay gì ? Với 1 PC có 1 card PCI usb thì thông tin hiển thị sẽ là như thế nào ? 1 card sẽ xuất hiện mấy dòng ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub ? Tương tự như vậy với card 3.0 và 1.1 và 1.0 thì sẽ như thế nào ạ ? Bạn gnois cho minh hiểu đc k? Gửi cho mình vào mail thanhtvbn90@gmail.com nhé bạn. Thanks bạn nnhieu !
Cám ơn bạn rất nhiều.
Cho mình hỏi rằng chỗ buffer làm thế nào để trả lại đúng buffer của ram đây, vì mình đang định nâng cấp ram lên nên tìm cho đúng buffer với ram có sẵn.